Canine Influenza or CI is a highly contagious
virus (H3N8), which causes a respiratory infection in dogs. The virus was first discovered in racing greyhounds in 2004. It was initially found only in horses but has adapted to live in and cause disease in canines. It is a very rare event for a virus to transfer to a new species, but has happened in the past (e.g. avian and swine flu). Thus far, no evidence for dog to human transmission has been documented. Outbreaks of CI have been reported in Florida, Texas, Alabama, Arkansas, West Virginia and Kansas. Currently an outbreak has not been reported in Dallas, but as the busy travel season approaches an outbreak could be on the horizon. The virus can live for 48 hours outside a host and is spread through aerosolized respiratory secretions (coughing/sneezing) and through contaminated surfaces (bowls, kennels, hands, clothes, etc.). Infected dogs can shed the virus for 2 days prior to showing any symptoms and 7 days after recovery. Most dogs, if infected, will develop the mild form of the disease (fever, cough, nasal discharge), but some will develop pneumonia, which can be serious or even fatal. As with any virus, a secondary bacterial infection will usually result in a more serious infection and is more likely to cause pneumonia.

CI is not a seasonal flu and can cause infections year round. The USDA has recently (May 2009) approved a vaccine for CI. The new vaccine was tested on over 700 dogs and shown to be safe and effective (since then thousands of doses have been safely administered). Dogs vaccinated for CI that become infected are less likely to spread the disease and develop a more serious infection (pneumonia).

The CI vaccine is administered just like other vaccinations and is most effective if given in two doses 2-4 weeks apart and then annually as part of their regular boosters.

As with all vaccinations only at risk animals should have the vaccine. Those with little or no exposure risk probably do not need the vaccination. Dogs that frequent dog parks, boarding facilities and grooming facilities are at the highest risk. If your dog frequently encounters other dogs on their walks they are at higher risk as well.

Just like with human flu, we want to prevent as much infection as possible and vaccinated dogs will be prepared when CI makes its way to Dallas. Please call the clinic if you have any questions about Canine Influenza.